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A groundbreaking work by one of the world's foremost memory experts, THE SEVEN SINS OF MEMORY offers the first framework that explains common memory vices -- and their surprising virtues. In this intriguing study, Daniel L. Schacter explores the memory miscues that occur in everyday life: absent-mindedness, transience, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Schacter illustrates these concepts with vivid examples -- case studies, literary excerpts, experimental evidence, and accounts of highly visible news events such as the O.J. Simpson verdict, Bill Clinton's grand jury testimony, and the search for the Oklahoma City bomber. He also delves into striking new scientific research, giving us a glimpse of the fascinating neurology of memory. Together, the stories and the scientific results provide a new look at our brains and at what we more generally think of as our minds.
Winner of the William James Book Award
- Sales Rank: #2435915 in Books
- Published on: 2007-04-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.17" h x 1.14" w x 6.26" l, 1.29 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 272 pages
About the Author
Daniel L. Schacter is chairman of the Psychology Department at Harvard University. He has previously written Searching for Memory, which received praise as a New York Times Notable Book of the Year and one of Library Journal's Best Science and Technology Books of the Year. The book won the American Psychological Association's William James Book Award and received outstanding reviews in The New Yorker and Publishers Weekly. Schacter was the keynote speaker at the American Psychological Association's 2000 conference and has appeared on 20/20, NBC's Sunday Today, the Discovery Channel, the Learning Channel, and, with Alan Alda, on PBS's Scientific American Frontiers.
Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Ah, yes, I remember it well.
By Gerard J. St John
This book is a 206-page plain language overview of the study of memory as of 2001, which some of us remember as the year of the attack on the World Trade Center in New York City. Two things are immediately apparent. First, in the fifteen intervening years between the date of the book’s publication and the present time, there must have been significant advances in this field of study. Second, a subject of this complexity cannot possibly be covered in just 206 pages. The notes and bibliography take up another 49 single-spaced pages. This is memory-lite. But it provides an excellent overview of the work that is being done in attempts to understand the workings of the brain and its memory function.
The author is well-qualified. He is chair of Harvard University’s Department of Psychology. At the outset, he states that “the human brain is perhaps the most complex object in the entire universe, consisting of some one hundred billion nerve cells or neurons and an even larger number of connections or synapses between them.” One hundred billion anythings is difficult to imagine, much less understand.
Professor Schacter approaches his task like a teacher. He focuses on seven problems with memory that have undoubtedly been experienced by the average reader: Transience (fading with time) – Absent-mindedness – Blocking (it’s on the tip-of-my tongue) – Misattribution (where did I hear it?) – Suggestibility – Bias – Persistence. For each of these problems, he gives understandable examples. In the final chapter, the problems are discussed as a group, and the author states the opinion that these problems are a small price to pay for a memory capability that performs extraordinarily well.
In the early part of the book, there are references to specific functions of the various lobes of the brain and how those lobes may affect the processes of memory. As the discussion moves on to the rest of the “sins,” there are fewer references to objective scientific data, and more references to hypotheses and activity testing of various types. Professor Schacter does a thorough job of referencing the works of other psychologists, and summarizing their opinions.
It is an informative book, intended for non-technical people like me who want an overview of the field and a basic understanding of academic progress. It achieves its goal.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Memory fallout
By M. A. ZAIDI
My undertaking of "The Seven sins of Memory" was more of an intellectual curiosity than for a scientific research. In this endeavor David Schacter made me more aware of the workings of memory. His work is divided into eight chapters; the first seven dedicated to a specific lacking which he calls sin and the eight to the virtues and vices of memory.
Transience: A sin of loosing memory over time. It may be a vice if one forgets information at a crucial time; but it can work as a gift, for remembering every event with vivid detail would clutter the thinking process. To prevent loosing key data Schacter suggests using visual mnemonics to elaborate on information they wish to remember.
Absent Mindedness: A sin committed when we are devoting our mental resources to more important things like wrestling with a personal dilemma or pre-occupied with an urgent task. Insufficient attention paid at the time of encoding is an important contributor to absent-mindedness.
Blocking: the phrase "It is at the tip of my tongue" a key indicator to this sin. Information that has not been encountered recently is susceptible to blocking. Names are especially susceptible to be blocked. Encountering a person activates both the conceptual and lexical representation for that person and this strengthens their interconnection. If we don't see a person for some time the link is weakened. Name blocking is more common than objects, as objects can be described in multiple levels for e.g., Honda, Accord, Sedan, car automobile, vehicle etc.
Misattribution: a sense of déjà vu. A strong sense of general familiarity, together with an absence of specific recollections, adds up to a lethal recipe for misattribution.
Suggestibility: Relates to an individuals tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources, other people, sources, media, pictures into personal re-collections. Emotional stress, combined with social pressure and suggestion, could distract memory to the point at which people falsely believe they had committed a crime.
Bias: refers to influences of our present knowledge, belief and feeling on new experiences or memories of them.
Persistence: is strongly linked with our emotional lives the relationship between emotion and memory are key. Emotionally charged incidents are better remembered than non-emotional events. Hence these events are remembered and persist over time.
On the whole it was easy read. One does not need a medical or psychology degree to understand the message. I liked the fact that Schacter has included numerous experiments and examples to explain his theories.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
"A Memory Expert Explains Our Sometimes Imperfect Memory"
By Russell A. Rohde MD
"The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers", ISBN 0-6518-04019-6 (H/C), Houghton Mifflin, 2001 is a 206 page treatise by accomplished author Daniel L. Schacter.
We are given an enticing introduction that is a snapshot of the 8 chapters which follow, the first 7 dealing with the seven sins: Transience, Absent-mindedness, Blocking, Misattribution, Suggestibility, Bias, and Persistence. The final chapter "...Vices or Virtues?" is a grand climateric which reviews the intrinsic(s) of each virtue and a discourse on origin of memory sins: whether collosal blunder by Mother Nature or a by-product of otherwise adaptive features of memory and in which the best explanations might be explored utilizing "reverse-engineering" theorizing.
The book both is and is not a teaching text: it may be read for general concept but also reaches into deeper levels of cognitive processes which may invoke tedious but pleasureable ratiocination. The case of mnemonist Shereshevski whose virtual (near total) recall of everything, significant and insignificant, precluded his ability to function at an abstract level gives us pause.
Sources of these memory pecadilloes is discussed as adaptive (adaptation), exaption (SJG), and spandrel, where the faux pas are not mere nuisances, and where memory links our past with the present and is available for future reference. Again, though the book reads easily, there is an enormous wealth of data and tentative assumptions which causes us to ruminate with weighty passion; and, if we are so disposed, to ponder the wither of memory and its various modes of rigidity, plasticity, and specious nature - and shown to vary betwixt the sexes and within the sexes. The author provokes us to mull these issues and so try to grasp the delicate wonderment of memory and those old ghost glories again to rise.
An error to be pointed out to the reader lies on page 182 which states "-the beta-blocker propanolol - that prevents the release of stress-related hormone." should read "...that prevents the action of stress-related hormone."
The book has sundry good features including 21 pages of notes, 26 pages of significant bibliography, and 14 page index written by seasoned writer of 8 prior books on memory. It is highly recommended and I believe it will improve your memory also.
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